Introduction
The Moon is a primary focus for space activities around the world in the coming decades, including orbiters, landers, rovers, human activities, science, and both short- and long-duration missions evolving into a sustainable ecosystem. These activities are driving a need for infrastructure to provide consistent, precise, real-time lunar Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) services. Currently there are multiple development efforts underway to satisfy this need, with systems operational as early as this decade. As with the existing Earth-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems, such infrastructure will need to be mutually compatible, interoperable, and available to maximize utility for lunar space users.
At the 5th Interoperability Plenary meeting (IOP-5) held 20-22 June 2023, the IOP resolved that the Interagency Operations Advisory Group (IOAG) “organize a multilateral workshop with the International Committee on GNSS (ICG) to provide an international coordination venue for GNSS providers and lunar communications and navigation providers.” In response, the 17th meeting of the ICG recommended the organization of a joint ICG-IOAG multilateral cislunar PNT workshop to be held in the late 2024/early 2025 timeframe, with specific objectives to be accomplished. The ICG further highlighted the importance of collaboration with other international stakeholders to strengthen the coordination and standardization of lunar PNT systems.
This inaugural Joint ICG-IOAG Multilateral Cislunar PNT Workshop seeks to provide an open international coordination forum to foster interoperable, compatible, and available lunar PNT systems of the future. Its focus is on the lunar PNT systems and services planned and under development, spectrum compatibility, lunar reference systems and time systems, aspects and models for international governance, lessons learned from the Earth-based GNSS community, and driving needs from the user segment.
| Summary Notes | File |
|---|---|
| General Summary | View Summary |
| – Session 1 Notes | View Notes |
| – Session 2 Notes | View Notes |
| – Session 3 Notes | View Notes |
| – Session 4 Notes | View Notes |
| – Session 5 Notes | View Notes |
| – Session 6 Notes | View Notes |
Agenda
| Time (CET) | Presentations |
| Day 1 (11 February 2025): Systems and Services | |
| 09:00 ‑ 09:10 | Welcome and Introduction, Joel PARKER (NASA), Masaya MURATA (JAXA) |
| Keynote Address (Co-Chairs: Joel PARKER (NASA), Masaya MURATA (JAXA)) | |
| 09:10 – 09:35 | Outline of Lunar Exploration Scenario in ISECG, Kota TANABE (JAXA, Co-Chair of ISECG/IAWG) |
| 09:35 – 10:00 | Strategic PNT Requirements for ILRS: Enabling Sustainable Lunar Exploration, Qiong WANG (CNSA LESEC) |
| 10:00 – 10:25 | PNT as an Enabling Capability for Artemis, Erika ALVAREZ (NASA) |
| 10:30 – 11:00 | Break |
| Session 1a: Overview of Lunar PNT Frameworks & Systems (Part I) (Co-Chairs: Ashish SHUKLA (ISRO), Matt COSBY (UKSA)) | |
| 11:00 – 11:25 | LunaNet Overview and Interoperability for Lunar PNT, Cheryl GRAMLING (NASA) |
| 11:25 – 11:50 | ESA Lunar Navigation Strategy: Moonlight, Lunar Pathfinder and NovaMoon Programmes, Javier VENTURA-TRAVESET (ESA) |
| 11:50 – 12:15 | Overview of LCRNS Position, Navigation and Time (PNT) Services, Juan CRENSHAW (NASA) |
| 12:30 – 14:00 Lunch | |
| Session 1b: Overview of Lunar PNT Frameworks & Systems (Part II) (Co-Chairs: Ashish SHUKLA (ISRO), Matt COSBY (UKSA)) | |
| 14:00 – 14:25 | Japan Lunar Navigation Satellite System (LNSS) and Its Contribution Towards LANS, Masaya MURATA (JAXA) |
| 14:25 – 14:50 | Conception of Lunar PNT, Yichen JIANG (DSEL) |
| 14:50 – 15:15 | Pseudolite System for Lunar PNT, Ashish K SHUKLA (SAC-ISRO, INDIA) |
| 15:15 – 15:40 | Korean Cislunar PNT, Jung Min JOO (KARI) |
| 15:40 – 16:10 | Break |
| 16:10 – 17:30 | Panel Discussion (Q&A) |
| Day 2 (12 February 2025): Compatibility and Interoperability | |
| Session 2: Lunar PNT Spectrum (Co-Chairs: Kota TANABE (ISECG/IAWG), Wei TAN (CNSA)) | |
| 09:00 – 09:10 | Co-Chairs Opening/Intro |
| 09:10 – 09:40 | SFCG Overview and WRC-27 Lunar Objectives, Bruno ESPINOSA ((acting) SFCG Executive Secretary) (online) |
| 09:40 – 10:05 | Spectrum Factors Considered by Lunar In-Situ PNT Service Design in the Lunar Environment, Dennis K. LEE (NASA/JPL Spectrum Manager/Chair, CCSDS RF & Modulation Group) (online) |
| Envisioned Lunar Vicinity PNT Services (Desired Frequency Ranges, Signal Structure/BW Occupancy, ConOps, Services to Meet Mission PNT Needs) | |
| 10:05 – 10:45 | LunaNet AFS Properties and Signal Band, Floor MELMAN (ESA), Juan CRENSHAW (NASA), Masaya MURATA (JAXA) |
| 10:45 – 11:15 | Break |
| (Continue) Envisioned Lunar Vicinity PNT Services (Desired Frequency Ranges, Signal Structure/BW Occupancy, ConOps, Services to Meet Mission PNT Needs) | |
| 11:15 – 11:35 | Pseudolite Lunar PNT: Spectrum Perspective, Ashish K SHUKLA (SAC-ISRO, INDIA) |
| 11:35 – 11:55 | Spectrum Conception on Navigation Satellite of CAST: From the Earth to the Moon, Huiliang LIU (CAST) |
| 11:55 – 12:30 | Q&A |
| 12:30 – 13:30 Lunch | |
| Session 3: Lunar Reference Systems and Timing (Co-Chairs: Susan STEWART (IAU), Patrizia TAVELLA (BIPM)) | |
| Session 3 (1): Time & Reference Systems/Frames – Definition & Standards | |
| 13:30 – 13:40 | IAU Status Update: Lunar Standards, Susan STEWART (IAU) |
| 13:40 – 13:50 | Activities of the IAG Working Group 1.1.3 on Lunar Reference Systems and Frames, Krzysztof SOSNICA (representing IAG WG on Lunar Reference Frame) |
| 13:50 – 14:00 | BIPM Perspective, Patrizia TAVELLA (BIPM) |
| 14:00 – 14:20 | Relativistic Aspects Impacts on Operations, Biju PATLA (USA, NIST) |
| 14:20 – 14:30 | Discussion |
| 14:30 – 14:50 | Break |
| Session 3 (2a): Time & Reference Systems Application | |
| 14:50 – 15:00 | Conceptual Framework for Lunar Time, Dongshan YIN (NTSC) |
| 15:00 – 15:10 | India & Partner(s) Perspectives, T Subramanya GANESH (ISRO) |
| 15:10 – 15:20 | LunaNet Perspectives, Suzuna OKAMOTO (JAXA) (online) |
| 15:20 – 15:30 | Towards an International Lunar Time Reference – LunaNet Reference Time, Cosimo STALLO (ESA) |
| 15:30 – 15:50 | LunaNet Perspectives – How the International Standards Community Can Help, Cheryl GRAMLING (NASA) |
| 15:50 – 16:20 | Break |
| Session 3 (2b): Time & Reference Systems Application – Time System Operational Aspects | |
| 16:20 – 16:40 | BIPM Time Metrology Contribution – How can we realize time on or around the Moon and measure its offset versus UTC?, Frédéric MEYNADIER + CCTF WG |
| 16:40 – 17:20 | Discussion on Timing Operational Aspects and the Needs of the Different Systems |
| 17:20 – 17:30 | Sum-up/Takeaways/Way Forward |
| Day 3 (13 February 2025): Governance and Technologies | |
| Session 4: GNSS Lessons Learned (Co-Chairs: Jӧrg HAHN (ESA), Xinuo CHANG (CAST)) | |
| 09:00 – 09:05 | Session introduction (scope and presenters), Jörg HAHN (ESA) and Xinuo CHANG (CAST) |
| 09:05 – 09:15 | Brief considerations on Timing Interoperability, Jӧrg HAHN (ESA) |
| 09:15 – 09:30 | ICG Interoperability Lessons Learned, Jeffrey AUERBACH (U.S. Department of State, online) |
| 09:30 – 09:45 | Evolution and Integration of BDS: Experiences Sharing With the Moon, Xinuo CHANG (CAST) |
| 09:45 – 10:00 | Experiences From GNSS Space Receiver Design and Operations of Relevance for Lunar Exploration, Oscar POZZOBON (Qascom) |
| 10:00 – 10:15 | IGS Goes to the Moon?!, Rolf DACH (Uni Bern), Erik SCHOENEMANN (ESA), Allison CRADDOCK (JPL, online) |
| 10:15 – 10:30 | How CCSDS can contribute to Cislunar PNT interoperability, Daniel FISCHER (ESA), Ignacio AGUILAR (ESA, online) |
| 10:30 – 10:45 | Designing Lunar Navigation Satellite Systems, Grace GAO (Stanford University) |
| 10:45 – 11:00 | Break |
| Session 5: Lunar PNT Governance (Co-Chairs: Masaya MURATA (IOAG), Ruihong YANG (CNSA)) | |
| 11:00 – 11:10 | Introduction – Necessity of Governance, Masaya MURATA (IOAG) and Ruihong YANG (CNSA) |
| 11:10 – 11:25 | Treaties & International Space Law Implications for PNT, Chris JOHNSON (Secure World Foundation) |
| 11:25 – 11:40 | The Road Ahead: From Cislunar PNT to the Solar System Internet, Scott PACE (George Washington University) (online) |
| 11:40 – 11:55 | Considerations on Lunar PNT Governance, Ruihong YANG (CNSA LESEC) |
| 11:55 – 12:10 | IOAG LunaNet Governance Study Preliminary Results, James SCHIER (IOAG) and Masaya MURATA (JAXA) |
| 12:10 – 12:30 | Q&A |
| 12:30 – 14:00 Lunch | |
| Session 6: Lunar PNT User/Test Equipment & Technologies (Co-Chairs: Evan ANZALONE (NASA), Floor MELMAN (ESA)) | |
| 14:00 – 14:05 | Introduction |
| 14:05 – 14:25 | Leveraging PNT Receivers in 2483.5 – 2500 MHz for Lunar In-Situ Users, Jean-Luc ISSLER (CNES) |
| 14:25 – 14:45 | Ensuring Lunar Mission Success: The Role of PNT Simulation, Ricardo VERDEGUER MORENO (Spirent) |
| 14:45 – 15:05 | CesiumAstro Development of LunaNet AFS Receiver, Dylan PFEIFER (Cesium) |
| 15:05 – 15:25 | From NaviMoon to NaviLunar – SpacePNT Roadmap from Autonomous Cis-Lunar Navigation to LunaNet Enabled Applications, Michele SCOTTI (SpacePNT) |
| 15:25 – 15:45 | Break |
| 15:45 – 16:05 | GNSS and LCNS Receiver Technologies from the Lab to the Moon, Samuele FANTINATO (Qascom) |
| 16:05 – 16:25 | Intuitive Machines LANS/PNT Lunar User Terminal Architecture, Shaun STEWART (Intuitive Machines) |
| 16:25 – 16:45 | NovaMoon: A LANS Monitoring and Local Differential Station, Javier VENTURA-TRAVESET (ESA) |
| 16:45 – 17:05 | The Lunar Navigation Satellite System (LNSS) Demonstration Mission, Toshihiro SHIBUKAWA (ArkEdge Space) |
| 17:05 – 17:15 | Concluding Remarks |
| Closing Summary | |
| 17:15 – 17:30 | Closing Summary |